Examples with individuals include: 3:1 Jewish leader (Nicodemus) 11:19; 12:9, 11; 19:20 many of the Jews 18:33, 39; 19:3, 19, 21 bis Jewish king 19:21 Jewish chief priests The second major category of usage of οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι is that of definition by opposition. For example, in John 4:9 “the Jews” are defined in opposition to the Samaritans, a case of semantic antinomy. A number of other instances require special attention to context to understand the sense more
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